Description
Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is also known as Cluster of Differentiation 54 (CD54), is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and is a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed in low concentrations on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system.
The protein encoded by this gene is a type of intercellular adhesion molecule continuously present in low concentrations in the membranes of leukocytes and endothelial cells.
Upon cytokine stimulation, the concentrations greatly increase.
ICAM-1 can be induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and is expressed by the vascular endothelium, macrophages, and lymphocytes.
ICAM-1 is a ligand for LFA-1 (integrin), a receptor found on leukocytes.
When activated, leukocytes bind to endothelial cells via ICAM-1/LFA-1 and then transmigrate into tissues.
ICAM-1 has been implicated in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Levels of ICAM-1 are shown to be significantly elevated in patients with SAH over control subjects in many studies.
ICAM-1 expressed by respiratory epithelial cells is also the binding site for rhinovirus, the causative agent of most common colds